Forklifts are industrial handling vehicles, which refer to various wheeled handling vehicles that load, unload, stack and transport palletized goods over short distances. The precautions for winter training of forklifts are as follows:
1. Maintenance of brake devices
(1) Check and replace the brake fluid of forklifts. Pay attention to the use of brake fluid with good low-temperature fluidity and low water absorption, and prevent water from mixing in to prevent freezing and brake failure.
(2) Check the drain switch of the oil-water separator. The drain switch can discharge the water in the brake system pipeline to prevent it from freezing. Poor performance must be replaced in time.
2. Timely replacement of various oils
(1) Diesel
At low temperatures, the viscosity of diesel increases, making its fluidity worse, atomization poor, and combustion worse, and the startability, power and economy of the diesel engine are significantly reduced. Therefore, diesel, pallet trucks, and oil drum trucks with lower freezing points should be selected, that is, the freezing point of the selected diesel is generally 6°C lower than the ambient temperature.
(2) Engine oil
At low temperatures, the viscosity of the engine oil increases as the temperature drops, the fluidity deteriorates, the friction resistance increases, and the diesel engine is difficult to start. Therefore, it is necessary to replace it with a lower viscosity engine oil in time.
(3) Gear oil and grease
In winter, the transmission, reducer, and steering gear should be replaced with winter gear oil, and the wheel hub bearings should be replaced with low-temperature grease.
(4) Hydraulic or hydraulic transmission oil
In winter, the hydraulic system and hydraulic transmission system of the equipment should be replaced with winter hydraulic and hydraulic transmission oil to prevent the forklift from working poorly or even failing to work due to the increase in oil viscosity in winter.
3. Adjust the fuel supply system
(1) Appropriately increase the injection volume of the diesel engine injection pump and lower the injection pressure to allow more diesel to enter the cylinder for easier starting. The amount of oil required to start a diesel engine in winter is about twice the normal amount. For the injection pump equipped with a starting enrichment device, its auxiliary starting device should be fully utilized.
(2) If the valve clearance is too small in winter, the valve will not close tightly, the cylinder compression pressure will be insufficient, the starting will be difficult, and the wear of the parts will be aggravated. Therefore, the valve clearance can be adjusted appropriately in winter.
4. Maintenance of cooling system
(1) Diesel engine insulation
In order to ensure the reliable operation of the diesel engine, reduce fuel consumption and mechanical wear, its insulation must be done well. A cloth curtain can be added in front of the diesel engine radiator to cover the radiator to reduce heat loss and keep the engine temperature from being too low.
(2) Check the thermostat of the water-cooled diesel engine
If the diesel engine is often running at low temperatures, the wear of the parts will increase exponentially. In order to make it heat up quickly in winter, the thermostat can be removed, but it must be reinstalled before the summer arrives.
(3) Remove scale from the water jacket and check the drain switch
Clean the water jacket to prevent scale accumulation so as not to affect heat dissipation. At the same time, the drain switch should be maintained in winter and replaced in time. Do not replace it with bolts or rags to prevent freezing and cracking of the parts.
(4) Add antifreeze
Before using antifreeze, the cooling system should be thoroughly cleaned and high-quality antifreeze should be selected to avoid corrosion of machine parts due to poor quality antifreeze. In winter, add hot water of about 80°C every day to start the diesel engine. After the operation, all cooling water must be drained and the switch is still in the open position.
5. Maintain electrical equipment
(1) Check and adjust the electrolyte density and pay attention to the insulation of the battery
In winter, the battery electrolyte density can be increased to 1.28-1.29g/3. If necessary, a sandwich insulation box can be made for it to prevent the battery from freezing and affecting the starting performance. When the temperature is below minus 0°C, the battery should be placed in a warm room after daily operation.
(2) Increase the generator terminal voltage
At low temperatures, the discharge of the battery oil is large, so the charging capacity of the generator must be increased. The regulator limit voltage should be appropriately increased to increase the generator terminal voltage. The generator terminal voltage in winter should be 0.6V higher than that in summer.
(3) Starter maintenance
Diesel engines are more difficult to start in winter, and the starter is used frequently. If the starter power is slightly insufficient, it can be used in summer, but it will be difficult to start in winter, or even impossible to start. Therefore, the forklift starter should be thoroughly maintained before winter.